Context

Yeditepe Journal of Health Sciences (YJHS) is an open access peer-reviewed international journal that is freely available on the www.yeditepemedicaljournal.org website. The journal welcomes manuscripts related to all aspects of medical and health sciences from researchers worldwide. YJHS invites authors to submit their original work that communicates with the international scientific and clinical communities, their current research, may they be either theoretical, applied or clinical innovative studies. YJHS is being published quarterly and accepts four types of manuscripts: original research, invited reviews, case reports and letters to editor.

The target group of the journal is academicians, researchers, students, professionals from all areas of the health related sciences including the medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, dietetics and  health management. We publish invited reviews, clinical and basic research articles, translational medicine articles, case reports and opinion letters.

The journal is based on independent and unbiased blinded peer-reviewed principles. The articles are evaluated according to the “double-blind” system in terms of the consultant and the author.

The Editor-in-chief evaluates articles regardless of the authors’ age, ethnicity, gender, nationality, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, and political affiliation.

Yeditepe Journal of Health Science does not charge a publication fee. The language of the journal is English.

Editorial and Publication Process

The editorial and publication processes of Yeditepe Journal of Health Science (YJHS) adheres to the principles of the International Council of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), the Council of Science Editors (CSE), the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), the World Medical Association (WMA), the US Office of Research Integrity (ORI), the European Association of Science Editors (EASE), and the International Society of Managing and Technical Editors (ISMTE). The journal conforms to the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (doaj.org/bestpractice).

Open Access Statement

Yeditepe Journal of Health Sciences (YJHS) is an open-access journal, and its publication model adheres to the principles outlined in the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) declaration. The journal's archive is freely accessible online at yeditepejhs.org. Users are permitted to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal without prior permission from the publisher or authors, as long as it is not for commercial purposes.

Articles published as open access in the journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.

Evaluation procedure

Manuscripts are submitted to the Yeditepe Journal of Health Sciences (YJHS) via the online manuscript submission system. Upon submission, manuscripts undergo an initial technical evaluation. This includes assessment of language, figures, tables, references, and the completeness of required documents (e.g author contribution form, copyright approval form, patient consent for case reports, ethics committee approval). Plagiarism checks are also conducted at this stage. Manuscripts that meet these requirements are forwarded to the editor-in-chief.

The editor-in-chief evaluates whether the manuscript aligns with the journal’s publication policy, adheres to its submission guidelines, and offers a meaningful scientific contribution to the field. If deemed appropriate, the manuscript is forwarded to an editor to initiate scientific content review. The editor assigns at least two reviewers through the system to evaluate the manuscript’s scientific content and report their suggestions, criticisms, and contributions. When necessary, the manuscript is also sent to the Statistics Editor.

Reviewers are selected based on their expertise and absence of any conflict of interest with the authors. To maintain impartiality, both author and institutional identities are anonymized during peer review. The editor evaluates the reviewers’ suggestions, criticisms, and contributions, and if they find them sufficient, forwards them to the author. If additional evaluation is required, the manuscript may be reassigned to new reviewers. Throughout the process, the identities of the reviewers remain confidential, ensuring a double-blind and objective review.

Once the authors revise the manuscript based on reviewer feedback, it is resubmitted to the editor, who may forward it for further review. Manuscripts approved by the reviewers are accepted for publication. Those found unsuitable are rejected, while others requiring further revision are sent back to the authors. Following acceptance, the manuscript undergoes English language editing and is then prepared for publication. The final version is shared with the authors for approval before being published on the journal’s website.

Authors are required to disclose any financial support (grants, contracts, sponsorship) received from institutions, foundations, or companies related to the study.

Manuscripts sent to be published in the journal should not have been published anywhere else previously or submitted and accepted to be published. However, a complete report that follows the publication of a preliminary report, such as an abstract, can be submitted. If authors intend to discard any part of the manuscript, a written application should be sent to the Editor.

In case of retraction of the text by author(s) for any reason, it needs a written application explaining the reasons.

The names of the authors’ institutions and departments where the study was conducted must not appear in the submitted manuscript.

The corresponding author must provide complete contact details (including telephone, fax, and email), which will be published alongside the article.

Authors are advised to retain a copy of the submitted manuscript and all related materials. If a submitted work, in whole or in part, is to be published elsewhere, the editorial office must be notified in advance.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is not tolerated by the YJHS. All submitted manuscripts will be checked for similarity through the iThenticate® software, that matches the content of the manuscript with billions of published documents to generate a similarity report. The manuscripts submitted to the YJHS with similarity scores that exceed 25% will not be processed.

Ethical Policies

Any complication that may arise from the application of ethical rules will be the responsibility of the authors.

Particularly, concerning clinical studies, no information that may lead to patient identification (such as names, abbreviations, patient numbers, etc..) should be provided.

Patients must be blinded if there is no patient consent and/or any results related an ophthalmologic study.

Studies involving human subjects must be carried out according to the World Medical Association’s (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki. Authors must clearly state that the study protocol received institutional ethics board approval and that all participants provided informed consent in the format required by the relevant authorities and/or boards. The relevant ethics board(s) and approval code(s) must be given in the Materials and Methods part of the research article.

Studies involving animals must be carried out according to the principles stated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Authors must clearly state that the study protocol received institutional ethics board approval. The relevant ethics board(s) and approval code(s) must be given in the Materials and Methods part of the research article.

Copyright

Yeditepe Journal of Health Sciences (YJHS) requires that all submissions be accompanied by a Copyright License Agreement. By signing this agreement, authors consent that, if the manuscript is accepted, it will be published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.

Authors grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC-BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Responsibility for the content of the published article lies solely with the authors.

If previously published materials—such as figures, tables, or any other content in print or digital form—are used, authors must obtain the necessary permissions from the copyright holders. All legal, financial, or criminal liabilities arising from such use rest with the author(s). All opinions and reports within the articles that are published in YJHS are the personal opinions of the author(s). Therefore Yeditepe University, editor-in-chief, editorial board, and the publisher does not accept any responsibility for these articles.

Authorship

All individuals listed as authors must meet the authorship criteria outlined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) (www.icmje.org).

According to ICMJE recommendations, authorship should be based on the following four criteria:

1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work;
2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
3. Final approval of the version to be published;
4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Conflict of Interests

In Yeditepe Journal of Health Sciences (YJHS) requires and encourages the authors and the individuals involved in the evaluation process of submitted manuscripts to disclose any existing or potential conflicts of interests, including financial, consultant, and institutional, that might lead to potential bias or a conflict of interest. Any financial grants or other support received for a submitted study from individuals or institutions should be disclosed to the Editorial Board. To disclose a potential conflict of interest, the ICMJE Potential Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form should be filled in and submitted by all contributing authors. Cases of a potential conflict of interest of the editors, authors, or reviewers are resolved by the journal’s Editorial Board within the scope of COPE and ICMJE guidelines.

The Editorial Board of the journal handles all appeal and complaint cases within the scope of COPE guidelines. In such cases, authors should get in direct contact with the editorial office regarding their appeals and complaints. When needed, an ombudsperson may be assigned to resolve cases that cannot be resolved internally. The Editor-in-Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all appeals and complaints.

Manuscript Preparation

The manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with ICMJE-Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (updated in December 2018 – http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf). Authors are required to prepare manuscripts in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines for randomized research studies, STROBE guidelines for observational original research studies, STARD guidelines for studies on diagnostic accuracy, PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, ARRIVE guidelines for experimental animal studies, and TREND guidelines for non-randomized public behavior.

MOOSE guidelines for meta-analysis and systemic reviews of observational studies (Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting Meta-analysis of observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000; 283: 2008-12).

Manuscripts can only be submitted through the Journal’s online manuscript submission and evaluation system, available at yeditepejhs.org/submission. Manuscripts submitted via any other medium will not be evaluated.

Manuscripts submitted to the journal will first go through a technical evaluation process where the editorial office staff will ensure that the manuscript has been prepared and submitted in accordance with the journal’s guidelines. Submissions that do not conform to the journal’s guidelines will be returned to the submitting author with technical correction requests.

Authors are required to submit the following:

-Copyright Agreement Form, and

-Author Contributions Form.

Manuscript Requirements

Cover letter: The cover letter should include the following information: the type of manuscript being submitted, confirmation that the submission is exclusive to this journal, a conflict of interest statement, sources of external funding, details regarding any equipment used (if applicable), confirmation of language editing for English-language submissions, and confirmation of statistical review for original research articles.

Title page: A separate title page must be uploaded for each submission and should include the following elements:

• Title of the manuscript, as concise and explanatory as possible, including no abbreviations, up to 135 characters
• Short title, up to 60 characters
• Name(s), affiliations, highest academic degree(s), and ORCID IDs of the author(s)
• Grant information and detailed information on the other sources of support
• Name, address, telephone (including the mobile phone number), and email address of the corresponding author
• Name of the ethics committee that granted approval for the study (if applicable), along with the date and approval number;
• Confirmation of informed consent, if required.

Abstract: Your Abstract should cover these questions about your manuscript:

• Why did you intend to do such a study? Describe your background in 1-to 2 sentences.
• What was your aim? Describe your aim in one sentence
• How did you do? Explain your methods by giving a precise and clear definition of the study population, study duration, centers, intervention, and comparator if there are.
• What did you find? Give the most striking results of your study by including statistical measures such as effect estimates (relative risk, odds ratio, hazard ratio) and confidence intervals and/or p values.
• What should the reader take from your study? In conclusion, avoid generic words and sentences, and give the conclusions from your study findings.

Keywords: the abstract. Keywords must be written in full (no abbreviations) and should be selected from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html.

Highlights: Review article submissions must be accompanied by three to five highlights that emphasize the most significant findings and the primary message of the study. This section, directed at subject-matter experts, should be written clearly and concisely, avoiding overly technical language. Highlights must be presented as bullet points and should provide a general overview of the article’s key contributions.

Informed consent

All individuals have individual rights that are not to be infringed. Individual participants in studies have, for example, the right to decide what happens to the (identifiable) personal data gathered, to what they have said during a study or an interview, as well as to any photograph that was taken. In many instances authors will need to secure written consent before including images. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve in some cases. Detailed descriptions of individual participants, whether of their whole bodies or of body sections, may lead to disclosure of their identity. Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt.

Summary of requirements

Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.

Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.

Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

Sample statements for “Consent to publish”:

The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figure(s) 1a, 1b and 1c.

The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.

Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

Sample statements if identifying information about participants is available in the article:

Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom identifying information is included in this article.

Images will be removed from publication if authors have not obtained informed consent or the paper may be removed and replaced with a notice explaining the reason for removal.

For Clinical Trials

• Trial registration number and date of registration for prospectively registered trials
• Trial registration number and date of registration, followed by “retrospectively registered”, for retrospectively registered trials

Data Transparency

All authors are requested to make sure that all data and materials as well as software application or custom code support their published claims and comply with field standards.

Cell Lines

If cells are used, authors must declare in the manuscript: what cell lines were used by describing the source of the cell line, including when and from where it was obtained. If cells were bought from a life science company the following need to be given in the manuscript: name of company (that provided the cells), cell type, catalog number of cell line.

Clinical Trial Registration

The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of a clinical trial is "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes". The WHO defines health interventions as “A health intervention is an act performed for, with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to assess, improve, maintain, promote or modify health, functioning or health conditions” and a health-related outcome is generally defined as a change in the health of a person or population as a result of an intervention.

To ensure the integrity of the reporting of patient-centered trials, authors must register prospective clinical trials (phase II to IV trials) in suitable publicly available repositories. For example www.clinicaltrials.gov or any of the primary registries that participate in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

The trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract. For clinical trials that have not been registered prospectively, authors are encouraged to register retrospectively to ensure the complete publication of all results. TRN, date of registration and the words ‘retrospectively registered’ should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract.

Standards of reporting

• Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including:
• Randomised trials (CONSORT) and Study protocols (SPIRIT)
• Observational studies (STROBE)
• Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and protocols (Prisma-P)
• Diagnostic/prognostic studies (STARD) and (TRIPOD)
• Case reports (CARE)
• Clinical practice guidelines (AGREE) and (RIGHT)
• Qualitative research (SRQR) and (COREQ)
• Animal pre-clinical studies (ARRIVE)
• Quality improvement studies (SQUIRE)
• Economic evaluations (CHEERS)

Text Formatting

Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.

• Use a normal, plain font (e.g., 12-point Times Roman) for text.
• Use the automatic page numbering function to number the pages.
• Use tab stops or other commands for indents, not the space bar.
• Use the table function, not spreadsheets, to make tables.
• Use the equation editor or MathType for equations.
• Save your file in docx format (Word 2007 or higher) or doc format (older Word versions).

Abbreviations Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.

Use of Large Language Models and Generative AI Tools

"AI tools cannot satisfy the authorship requirements as they are unable to take responsibility for the work submitted. As non-legal entities, they cannot claim the presence or absence of conflicts of interest, nor manage copyright and licensing agreements. Authors who utilize AI tools in the writing of manuscripts, in the creation of images or graphic elements, or in the data collection and analysis phases, must disclose how the AI was used and which tools were employed. Authors bear full responsibility for the content of their manuscript, including any parts produced by an AI tool, and are therefore accountable for any breaches of publication ethics." This is outlined in the COPE Position Statement on Authorship and AI Tools, detailed information about which can be found at https://publicationethics.org/cope-position-statements/ai-author.

Upon reviewing the COPE statement, the editors of the YJHS have decided that papers should include a section titled "Declaration Regarding the Use of AI and AI-Assisted Technologies" to inform readers whether AI or AI-assisted tools were used in the preparation of the manuscript. It is crucial to remember that all authors are responsible for the content of their work. This declaration does not extend to the use of basic tools for grammar, spelling, or reference checking (such as Mendeley, EndNote, Zotero, and others). If there is nothing to declare, it is unnecessary to include a statement.

Authors are advised to follow this format when drafting their declaration:

During the preparation of this work, the author(s) utilized [NAME OF TOOL(S) USED] to [DESCRIPTION OF HOW THE TOOL(S) WERE UTILIZED AND HOW THE VALIDITY OF THE OUTPUTS WAS EVALUATED]. After carefully reviewing and editing the content as necessary, full responsibility for the publication's content is taken by the author(s). This incorporation of AI tool usage primarily impacted [SPECIFY WHICH ASPECTS OF THE STUDY, ARTICLE CONTENTS, DATA, OR SUPPORTING FILES WERE AFFECTED/GENERATED].

Example: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) utilized OpenAI's ChatGPT to generate summaries of research articles related to the topic. These summaries were evaluated by comparing them to manually written summaries by experts in the field. Upon confirming the accuracy and relevance of the generated summaries, they were integrated into the literature review section of the manuscript. After carefully reviewing and editing the content as necessary, full responsibility for the publication's content is taken by the author(s). This incorporation of AI tool usage primarily impacted the efficiency of literature review process and the comprehensiveness of the gathered research insights.

Manuscript Types

Research Articles

Manuscripts submitted must contain original research not published elsewhere, even partially, except as summaries of fewer than 400 words for scientific meetings. A research article should be prepared as follows:

• Title page: The title page should include the following:
  • Title of the manuscript, as concise and explanatory as possible, including no abbreviations, up to 135 characters
  • Short title, up to 60 characters
  • Name(s), affiliations, highest academic degree(s), and ORCID IDs of the author(s)
  • Grant information and detailed information on the other sources of support
  • Name, address, telephone (including the mobile phone number), and email address of the corresponding author
  • The name of the institution that made the ethics committee decision, the date, and the number of the decision should be stated (if applicable).
• The structured abstract: It should include the following subheadings: Objective, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, and Keywords. The word limit is 300.
• Keywords: A minimum of three to a maximum of six keywords should be in accordance with the National Library of Medicine, Medical Subject Headings database.
• Main Text: The main text of the original article can be divided into subheadings: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. The word limit is 3500.
• References: The number of references should not exceed 50. The style for references is based mainly on an American National Standards Institute style (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.TOC&depth=2).
• Tables and Figures: If available, they should be consecutively numbered in the order they are referred to within the main text; each should be given a short title, and the title should be placed at the top of the tables and below the figures. Table limit: 6, Figure limit: 7 with a maximum of 15 subfigures/subunits.
• Copyright Agreement Form: All authors must sign the form.
• Author Contribution Form: As stated in the "Author Contribution Form", a person must be named in at least three contributing fields to be accepted as an author. You can use abbreviated author names within the form. For example, you can use "MAÖ" instead of "Metin Ahmet Özdemir".

Review Articles 

Only invited review articles are published in the YJHS. Review articles shall discuss recent advances in the health sciences. The evaluation criteria and procedure applied to original research studies are also relevant for reviews. A review article should be prepared as follows:

• Title page: The title page should include the following:
  • Title of the manuscript, as concise and explanatory as possible, including no abbreviations, up to 135 characters
  • Short title, up to 60 characters
  • Name(s), affiliations, highest academic degree(s), and ORCID IDs of the author(s)
  • Grant information and detailed information on the other sources of support
  • Name, address, telephone (including the mobile phone number), and email address of the corresponding author
• Abstract: Unstructured abstract with a word limit of 300.
• Keywords: A minimum of three to a maximum of six keywords should be in accordance with the National Library of Medicine, Medical Subject Headings database.
• Highlights: It is a 4-5-item section that includes the most remarkable headings of the current knowledge in clinical practice and/or scientific development, the most critical unanswered questions, and/or scientific predictions. It should consist of a maximum of 150 words.
• Main Text: The review article’s main text can be divided into subheadings as the author deems appropriate (word limit: 5000).
• References: The number of references should not exceed 100. The style for references is based mainly on an American National Standards Institute style (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.TOC&depth=2).
• Tables and Figures: If available, they should be consecutively numbered in the order they are referred to within the main text; each should be given a short title, and the title should be placed at the top of the tables and below the figures. Table limit: 6, Figure limit: 10 with a maximum of 20 subfigures/subunits.
• Copyright Agreement Form: All authors must sign the form.
• Author Contribution Form: As stated in the "Author Contribution Form", a person must be named in at least three contributing fields to be accepted as an author. You can use abbreviated author names within the form. For example, you can use "MAÖ" instead of "Metin Ahmet Özdemir".

Case Reports

Case reports are special features on clinical research with prominently specific objectives and results, small patient series with a limited number of observations, and descriptive epidemiological studies. A case study should be prepared as follows:

• Title page: Your title page should include the following:
  • Title of the manuscript, as concise and explanatory as possible, including no abbreviations, up to 135 characters
  • Short title, up to 60 characters
  • Name(s), affiliations, highest academic degree(s), and ORCID IDs of the author(s)
  • Grant information and detailed information on the other sources of support
  • Name, address, telephone (including the mobile phone number), and email address of the corresponding author
  • Written consent from the patient must be provided or a declaration must be made that consent has been obtained from the patient.
• Abstract: Unstructured abstract with a word limit of 100.
• Keywords: A minimum of two to a maximum of four keywords should be in accordance with the National Library of Medicine, Medical Subject Headings database.
• Main Text: The text should include an introduction, background, case report, and conclusion sections, with a maximum of 2000 words.
• References: The number of references should not exceed 10. The style for references is based mainly on an American National Standards Institute style (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.TOC&depth=2).
• Tables and Figures: If available, they should be consecutively numbered in the order they are referred to within the main text. Each should be given a short title, which should appear at the top of the tables and below the figures. The number of tables or figures should not be more than five.
• Copyright Agreement Form: All authors must sign the form.
• Author Contribution Form: As stated in the "Author Contribution Form", a person must be named in at least three contributing fields to be accepted as an author. You can use abbreviated author names within the form. For example, you can use "MAÖ" instead of "Metin Ahmet Özdemir".

Letters to Editor

Letters discussing articles published in the YJHS within the past six months, as well as opinions or comments on related experiences, may be considered. Also, this section may consider for publication of short reports on clinical experiences, novel findings, and technical comments in health sciences that can be reported in this format. The letter should start with 'To the Editor' or 'Dear Editor'. A Letter to Editor should be prepared as follows:

• Title page: Your title page should include the following:
  • Title of the manuscript, as concise and explanatory as possible, including no abbreviations, up to 135 characters
  • Short title, up to 60 characters
  • Name(s), affiliations, highest academic degree(s), and ORCID IDs of the author(s)
  • Grant information and detailed information on the other sources of support
  • Name, address, telephone (including the mobile phone number), and email address of the corresponding author
• Main Text: Submissions should not exceed 800 words.
• References: The number of references should not exceed 5. The style for references is based mainly on an American National Standards Institute style (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.TOC&depth=2).
• Tables and Figures: If available, they should be consecutively numbered in the order they are referred to within the main text. Each should be given a short title, which should appear at the top of the tables and below the figures. Only one table or figure is accepted.
• Copyright Agreement Form: The form must be signed by all authors.
• Author Contribution Form: As stated in the "Author Contribution Form", a person must be named in at least three contributing fields to be accepted as an author. You can use abbreviated author names within the form. For example, you can use "MAÖ" instead of "Metin Ahmet Özdemir".

References Citation

The style for references is based mainly on an American National Standards Institute style (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.TOC&depth=2).

The references are numbered in the order of citation in the main text. References are given in parenthesis with an Arabic numeral(s). Sources used only in the table or legend of a figure should be numbered in the order of citation. The titles of journals must be abbreviated according to the style used in the List of Journals Indexed for MEDLINE (ftp://ftp.nlm.nih.gov/online/journals/lsiweb.pdf).

1. Journal Article

Less Than Six Authors

Forero DA, Lopez-Leon S, Perry G. A brief guide to the science and art of writing manuscripts in biomedicine. J Transl Med. 2020 Nov 10;18(1):425.

More Than Six Authors

Rosenquist R, Bernard E, Erkers T, et al. Novel precision medicine approaches and treatment strategies in hematological malignancies. J Intern Med. 2023 Oct;294(4):413-436.

2. Supplement Article

Ozkan S. Incidence of non- alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients, YMJ 2016;12 (Suppl.):960-967.

3. Anonymous

Drug-resistance tuberculosis among the foreign-born in Canada. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2005;31(4):46-52.

4. Textbook Chapter

By Author

Suh KN, Keystone JS. Malaria and babesiosis. Gorbach SL, Barlett JG, Blacklow NR, editors. Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams; 2004: 2290-308.

By Editors

Musher DM. Streptococcus pneumoniae. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2005: 2392-411.

5. Abstract in Congress Book

Elaldi N, Kaya S, Dokmetas I, et al. Markedly elevated serum cytokine levels and high viral titers in fatal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) [Abstract]. In: Abstracts of 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Chicago, Illinois, September 17-20, 2007). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2007: 482.

6. Scientific or Technical Report:

Cusick M, Chew EY, Hoogwerf B, Agrón E, Wu L, Lindley A, et al. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Risk factors for renal replacement therapy in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Kidney Int: 2004. Report No: 26

7. Thesis:

McCracken Jenna Mae. Mechanisms and consequences of neutrophil apoptosis inhibition by Francisella tularensis [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; 2017. 61 p.

8. Letter to the Editor

Doganci L. New insights on the bleeding disorders in CCHF [Letter]. J Infect. 2007;55(4):379-81.

9. Internet

By Authors

Kupferschmidt K. Evolving threat: New variants have changed the face of pandemic. What will the virus do next? [Internet]. Science. [August 19, 2021; cited August 21, 2021]. Available from: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/08/new-sars-cov-2-variants-have-changed-pandemic-what-will-virus-do-next

Standard

Avian Influenza: Current H5N1 Situation [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [cited December 30, 2018]. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h5n1-virus.htm.

Tables

• All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
• Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
• For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table.
• Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.
• Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.

Artwork and Illustrations Guidelines Electronic Figure Submission

• Supply all figures electronically in TIFF or JPEG format.
• Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.TIFF.
• Definition: Black and white graphic with no shading.
• Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at final size.
• Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.
• If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves.
• Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.
• Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing line drawing, extensive lettering, color diagrams, etc.
• Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.

Color Art

• Color art is free of charge.
• Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB (8 bits per channel).

Figure Lettering

• Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt).
• Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
• Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations.

Figure Numbering

• All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
• Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
• Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
• Figures in online appendices [Supplementary Information (SI)] should be numbered separately.

Figure Captions

• Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file.
• Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.

Figure Placement and Size

• Figures should be submitted separately from the text as well as embedded in the text.
• When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.

Numbering

• If supplying any supplementary material, the text must make specific mention of the material as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables.
• Refer to the supplementary files as “Online Resource”.
• Name the files consecutively, e.g. “ESM_3.mpg”, “ESM_4.pdf”.

Supplementary files

• For each supplementary material, please supply a concise caption describing the content of the file.
• Supplementary Information (SI) will be published as received from the author without any conversion, editing, or reformatting.

Proof reading

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor.

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Suggesting / excluding reviewers

Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals when they submit their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers, authors should make sure they are totally independent and not connected to the work in any way. It is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and different institutions. Please note that the YJHS may not use the suggestions, but suggestions are appreciated and may help facilitate the peer review process.

Revisions

When submitting a revised version of a paper, the author must submit a detailed “Response to the reviewers” that states point by point how each issue raised by the reviewers has been covered and where it can be found (each reviewer’s comment, followed by the author’s reply and line numbers where the changes have been made) as well as an annotated copy of the main document. Revised manuscripts must be submitted within XX days from the date of the decision letter. If the revised version of the manuscript is not submitted within the allocated time, the revision option may be canceled. If the submitting author(s) believe that additional time is required, they should request this extension before the initial XX-day period is over.

Accepted manuscripts are copy-edited for grammar, punctuation, and format. Once the publication process of a manuscript is completed, it is published online on the journal’s webpage as an ahead-of-print publication before it is included in its scheduled issue. A PDF proof of the accepted manuscript is sent to the corresponding author and their publication approval is requested within two days of their receipt of the proof.

Repository Policy

YJHS uses Open Journal System (OJS), a journal management system, and archives the submitted, revised, accepted, and published versions of manuscripts on OJS. Authors are allowed to reach all these versions without any embargo.